ASSIGNMENT FOR NATIONAL CERTIFICATE 2000/2001.
Student – Danny McCartney
TASK 1
FUEL SELECTION RE: LPHW HEATING SYSTEM.
(LPHW - low pressure hot water)
THE TASK IS TO SELECT A SUITABLE FUEL FOR A LPHW HEATING SYSTEM TO BE INSTALLED IN A TWO-STOREY OFFICE BLOCK.
THE BOILER LOAD IS APPROX 100KW BASED ON ONE BOILER AND A DOMESTIC HOT WATER CYLINDER.
THE SYSTEM SHALL BE STAND ALONE AND WILL BE MAINTAINED BY AN OUTSIDE BOILER SERVICE ENGINEER, NO EMPLOYEE HAS BEEN GIVEN THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF ENSURING THE FUEL SUPPLY IS CONSTANTLY REPLENISHED OR IF A FAULT HAS DEVELOPED ON THE SYSTEM, THEREFORE THE SIMPLIST SYSTEM WITH CONTINUETY OF SUPPLY NEEDS TO BE OF MAJOR CONSIDERATION.
THE FUELS TO BE CONSIDERED ARE, COAL, LPG, NATURAL GAS, LIGHT FUEL OIL, ELECTRICITY.
THE FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED ARE:
AVAILABILITY,
INSTALLATION AND STORAGE COSTS,
CAPABILITIES OF EACH FUEL,
FUEL COSTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
ALL FUELS LISTED ARE READILLY AVAILABLE BUT REQUIRE DELIVERY TO SITE AND STORAGE OTHER THAN NATURAL GAS WHICH IS PIPED TO THE LOCATION AND LEFT AT A METER SUITABLY SITED NEAR TO THE BOILER PLANT.
COAL
COAL IN ITS DAY WAS AND STILL IS WIDELY AVAILABLE BUT ACCESS TO A STORAGE AREA PREFERABLY COVERED, DEMANDS A LOT OF SPACE AND THIS SPACE NEEDS TO BE CLOSE TO THE BOILER PLANT ALONG WITH MANUAL OR MECHANICAL HANDLING TO FUEL THE BOILER.
ANOTHER PROBLEM WITH BURNING COAL IS THE ASH WHICH IS LEFT AFTER BURNING, NEED TO BE REMOVED ON A REGULAR BASIS OTHERWISE THE PLANT BECOMES CHOKED UP AND BECOMES LESS EFFICIENT.
THEREFORE LABOUR IS REQUIRED TO CLEAN THE ASH FROM THE BOILER, THE ASH THEN NEEDS TO BE TRANSFERRED TO A RUBBISH TIP, WHICH IN TURN THE COSTS NEED TO BE ADDED INTO THE OVERALL RUNNING COSTS AND EVALUATED RE: LABOUR REQUIRED TO CARRY OUT THESE TASKS.
COAL IS ALSO A VERY DIRTY FUEL AND WHEN BURNING GIVES OFF A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF SULPHUR, PARTICLES OF ASH, AND PARTICALS OF UNBURNT COAL, CAUSING CONCERN AND CONTAMINATING THE AIR THAT WE BREATH, THIS ALL CAUSES CONCERN TO THE EFFECT IT IS HAVING ON THE OZONE LAYER IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND LONG TERM GLOBAL WARMING.
DUE TO THE HIGH LEVEL OF SULPHUR IN THE GAS EMISSIONS FROM COAL THIS GIVES CONCERN TO THE CORROSIVE EFFECT UPON THE BOILER AND THE FLUE AND CAN CAUSE PROBLEMS.
COAL FIRED PLANT IS LESS EFFICENT AND LESS RESPONSIVE THAN OTHER FUELS AND IS POOR TO RESPOND ESPECIALLY WHEN TRYING TO MAINTAIN A LOW TEMPERATURE.
BOILER EFFICIENCY WOULD RANGE FROM APPROX 65%-75% WHICH IS POOR COMPARED WITH OTHER FUELS.
COAL IS PROBABLY THE DIRTIEST OF THE FOSSEL FUELS THUS CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, REQUIRES CONSTANT PLANT ATTENTION THEREFORE LABOUR INTENSIVE.
REQUIRES REGULAR WASTE DISPOSAL WHICH CAN BE COSTLY, AND NEEDS LARGE SPACE FOR STORAGE ALONG WITH REGULAR ORDERING OF SUPPLY BY A DESGINATED PERSON.
LPG (LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS.)
LPG IS A PETROLEUM BY-PRODUCT, THEREFORE IT CAN BE EXPENSIVE TO MANUFACTURE AND PURCHASE. ALONG WITH PRICE FLUCTUATIONS, THE MARKET PRICE OF CRUDE OIL, THE AVAILABILITY OF CRUDE OIL AND THE POLITICAL CLIMATE OF GOVERNMENTS CAN CAUSE FUEL EMBARGOES.
A MAIN ENVOIRONMENTAL ISSUE IS RAISED RE: THE SHIPPING OF CRUDE OIL AND THE SAFETY TO THE ENVOIRONMENT IF A SHIPPING ACCIDENT SHOULD HAPPEN THUS CAUSING WIDESPREAD PROBLEMS TO THE COASTLINE, MARINE LIFE AND SEA-BIRDS ECT.
LPG AS A FUEL IS MORE EFFICENT AT POINT OF USE, THAN COAL, CLEANER THAN COAL BUT REQUIRES TO BE STORED IN A STEEL PRESSURE VESSEL WHICH MUST BE SITED AT LEAST 3metre FROM THE BUILDING OR BOUNDRY AND USUALLY BECAUSE OF ITS SIZE AND WEIGHT REQUIRES A CONCRETE RAFT TO BE SET ON, USUALLY A PERIMETER SAFETY FENCE WOULD ALSO BE NEEDED.
INSTALLATION MUST BE CARRIED OUT BY A RECOGNIZED APPROVED INSTALLER, CERTIFIED TO CARRY OUT THIS WORK . THE SELECTION OF INSTALLER CAN USUALLY BE MADE FROM A LIST APPROVED BY THE GAS PROVIDER.
COSTS FOR THIS FUEL ARE USUALLY HIGHER THAN COAL BUT BECAUSE IT IS MORE EFFICIENT, CLEANER, REQUIRES LESS MAINTAINANCE, CAN BE FULY AUTOMATIC, THESE COULD BE BETTER SELLING POINTS FOR LPG THAN COAL.
BOILER EFFIECIENCY IS USUALLY AROUND 70%-TO 85% .
CLEAN EMMISIONS BUT SOMEBODY NEEDS TO ORDER THE GAS.
NATURAL GAS
NATURAL GAS AS A FUEL IS PREFERRED BY MOST PEOPLE AS GAS IS PRESENTLY AT THE CUTTING EDGE OF HEATING TECHNOLOGY GIVING A WIDER RANGE OF APPLIANCES AND RUNNING COSTS TO MEET MOST NEEDS AND APPLICATIONS SUITED TO EITHER DOMESTIC OR INDUSTRIAL SECTORS.
AT PRESENT THE COST OF NATURAL GAS IS APPROX 25% LESS THAN LIGHT FUEL OIL.
NATURAL GAS IS THE CLEANEST BURNING OF THE FOSSIL FUELS IN THAT IT PRODUCES LITTLE SULPHUR DIOXIDE OR NITRUS OXIDE (THE ACID RAIN GASES)
IT IS ALSO EFFICIENT IN THAT LITTLE OR NOTHING IS LOST IN TRANMISSION FROM SOURCE TO END-USER.
IT ALSO BURNS CLEANLY WITH HIGH COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY AND HIGH BOILER SEASONAL EFFICIENCY.
NO STORAGE CYLINDER OR TANK IS REQUIRED AS THE GAS IS PIPED DIRECT TO A GAS METER SITED NEAR THE BOILER PLANT
DUE TO THE FACT NATURAL GAS IS A CLEAN BURNING FUEL THE BOILERS AND BURNERS REQUIRE LESS MAINTAINANCE AND LAST LONGER THUS SAVING ON MAINTAINANCE AND REPAIR COSTS.
NATURAL GAS IS THE LEAST POLLUTING OF ALL COMMON FOSSEL FUELS.
NATURAL GAS REQUIRES NO ANCILLARY HANDLING EQUIPMENT.
BOILER EFFICIENCY CAN RANGE FROM APPROX 78% - 90%.
SYSTEM CAN BE CONTROLLED -FULLY AUTOMATIC
CONSTANT SUPPLY TO YOUR DOORSTEP THEREFORE NO NEED TO RE-ORDER, JUST REMEMBER TO PAY YOUR BILLS.
OIL
OIL AS A FUEL COMES IN APPROX 5 GRADES COVERING HEATING NEEDS FROM DOMESTIC TO HEAVY INDUSTRIAL USE.
THE HEAVIER THE OIL THE CHEAPER THE PRICE BUT HEAVY OIL REQUIRES SPECIAL STORAGE CONDITIONS AND IS MORE SUITED TO INDUSTRIAL NEEDS WHERE LARGE BOILERS ARE USED.
HEAVY FUEL OIL REQUIRES LARGE STORAGE TANKS WHICH NEED TO HAVE A PRE- HEATER, MAINTAINING THE OIL AT THE REQUIRED TEMPERATURE TO ENABLE THE OIL TO FLOW FREELY THROUGH THE SUPPLY PIPES TO THE BURNER. DEPENDING ON THE LENGTH OF THE RUN OF PIPEWORK TO THE BOILERS .THE PIPEWORK ITSELF MAY NEED TRACER TAPES AND HEAVY INSULATION THUS RETAINING THE HEAT TO STOP THE OIL CONGEILING EN-ROUTE TO THE BOILER
AS YOU SEE THIS WOULD NOT BE PRACTICAL ON LIGHT COMERCIAL OR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS DUE TO RUNNING COSTS, INSTLLATION COSTS AND MAINTAINANCE COSTS.
LIGHT FUEL OIL SUCH AS
35sec AND 28 sec ARE MORE WIDELY USED AND SUITED TO DOMESTIC AND COMERCIAL APPLICATIONS.LIGHT FUEL OIL IS A LOT CLEANER AND MORE EFFICIENT THAN HEAVY FUEL OIL BUT STILL PRODUCES SOME HARMFULL GASES TO THE ATMOSPHERE, IT PRODUCES LESS CO2 THAN NATURAL GAS BUT IS A DIRTIER FUEL THAN NATURAL GAS, OIL IS ABOUT 5% MORE EFFICIENT THAN NATURAL GAS BUT ONLY IF THE PLANT IS MAINTAINED IN A NEW LIKE CONDITION WHICH MEANS CONSTANT HIGH STANDARDS OF SERVICING AND CLEANING.
THE COST OF OIL FLUCTUATES A LOT BETWEEN SEASONS, UNLESS YOU HAVE A VERY LARGE STORAGE TANK YOU WILL HAVE TO PAY AT LEAST WINTER RATE FOR SOME DELIVERIES.
ONCE AGAIN LIKE LPG, OIL REQUIRES A STORAGE TANK THEREFORE SPACE AND ACCESS IS REQUIRED.
DUE TO THE HARM OIL CAN CAUSE IF THE TANK WERE TO LEAK OR FRACTURE THE TANK NEEDS TO BE A BUNDED TANK OR HAVE A BUND COMPOUND BUILT AROUNT THE PERIMETER OF THE TANK, TO CONTAIN THE OIL IN THE EVENT OF A MAJOR LEAK OR SPILLAGE, THUS THE OIL CAN BE PUMPED OUT OF THE COMPOUND AND DOES NOT CAUSE HARM.
IF LEAKED TO THE GROUND OR DRAINAGE SYSTEM MAY PENETRATE INTO THE WATERWAYS OR WATER TABLE CAUSING HARM TO FARM LANDS, RIVERS, WATER SUPPLYS THUS HARMING WILDLIFE AND FISH STOCKS, POLLOUTING DRINKING WATER BY ENTERING BORE HOLES AND UNDERGROUNG WATER SUPPLIES ECT.
OIL FIRED BOILERS CAN OPERATE FULLY AUTOMATIC UNDER ANY LOAD, BUT DUE TO OIL NOT BURNING AS CLEANLY AS NATURAL GAS DEPOSITS FORM ON THE BURNERS AND BOILER HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES WHICH THEN REQUIRE REGULAR CLEANING TO MAINTAIN GOOD EFFICIENCY.
AS OIL BURNS DIRTIER HIGHER CHIMNEYS ARE REQUIRED TO DISPERSE THE POLLUTANTS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE.
THE SIGNIFICANT SULPHUR CONTENT GIVES RISE TO CORROSION HAZZARDS UNLESS THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION ARE KEPT ABOVE CRITICAL TEMPERATURES, AS A CONSEQUENCE BOILER RETURN WATER TEMPERATURES NEED TO BE KEPT ABOVE THE CRITICAL LEVELS WHENEVER THE BOILERS ARE OPERATING FOR SIGNIFICANT PERIODS.
BOILER EFFICIENCY RANGES FROM 75% - 85% APPROX.
SUMMARY
OIL REQUIRES STORAGE TANK.
OIL REQUIRES A BUNDED TANK OR TANK COMPOUND.
OIL IS DIRTIER TO BURN THAN NATURAL GAS BUT PRODUCES LESS CO2.
NEEDS REGULAR CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE.
OIL COSTS FLUCTUATE A LOT.
OIL IS MORE EFFICIENT UNDER PERFECT CONDITIONS.
SYSTEM CAN BE FULLY AUTOMATIC.
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY AS A FUEL CAN BE USED TO HEAT A BUILDING IN NUMEROUS WAYS.
THIS RANGES FROM CEILING PANEL HEATING, UNDER FLOOR HEATING, OFF PEAK STORAGE HEATING AND STANDARD ELECTRIC TYPE HEATERS AND FIRES.
TO ENABLE THE USE OF ANY OF THESE METHODS CONSIDERATION NEEDS TO BE GIVEN AT THE NEW BUILD STAGE OR IF MAJOR RENOVATION WORKS ARE CONSIDERED.
THESE NEED TO BE CONSIDERED, DUE TO THE FACT THAT THE POWER SUPPLY TO THE BUILDING NEEDS TO BE CALCULATED TO TAKE ACCOUNT OF THE LOADING RE: SUPPLY CABLE SIZE AND SWITCH-GEAR PROVISION ECT.
ELECTRICITY FOR SPACE HEATING CAN BE FULLY AUTOMATIC.
WHEN USED IN CONNECTION WITH OFF PEAK TARIFF, THE HEATING AND STORAGE TIMES ARE LIMITED, THE RESTRICTION ON THE OFF PEAK TARIFF MAY NOT SUIT ALL APPLICATIONS AND BASED ON NORMAL RATES MAY BE TO COSTLY TO RUN.
ELECTRICITY IS THE MOST CAPABLE OF ALL FUELS BECAUSE IT CAN BE USED FOR SO MANY FUNCTIONS WITHIN A BUILDING SUCH AS POWER POINTS, LIGHTING, CATERING EQUIPMENT, HEATING, ECT.
ELECTRICITY NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED AS A POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE TO THE OTHER FUELS MENTIONED, IT GENERATES HEAT BY DIRECT ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE AND AT THE POINT OF USE CAUSES NO ENVOIRONMENTAL ISSUES.
ALTHOUGH NON POLLUTING AT THE POINT OF USE, CONTRIBUTION TO CO2 AND OTHER ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AT THE GENERATING POWER STATION IS MUCH HIGHER THAN THAT OF AN EQUIVILANT GAS FIRED BOILER PLANT.
IF OFF PEAK TARRIF IS TO BE USED THEN SOME FORM OF THERMAL STORAGE HEATING IS ADVISED, TO TRY AND MAINTAIN A LOW RUNNING COST.
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE FORMS OF HEATING REQUIRE VIRTUALLY NO MAINTAINANCE AT POINT OF USE.
THE COST PER kW IS LIKELY TO BE GREATER THAN THAT OBTAINED BY OTHER FOSSEL FUELS.
INSTALLATION COSTS WILL BE CHEAPER AT THE NEW BUILD STAGE COMPARED TO OTHER TYPE OF HEATING PLANT.
ELECTRICITY MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR ALL APPLICATIONS RE: OFF PEAK TARRIF / SYSTEM COOL DOWN PERIOD / HEATING BOOST FACILITY, ALL NEEDS TO BE PLANNED IN ADVANCE.
ELECTRICITY IS 100% EFFICIENT AT POINT OF USE, THUS COSTING MORE DUE TO THE FACT THE COST OF THE IN-EFFICIENCIES AND ENVOIRONMENTAL ISSUES AT THE POWER GENERATING PLANT HAVE TO BE INCLUDED AS AN OVERHEAD.
INSTALLATION NEEDS CONSIDERED AT THE PLANNING STAGE OR MAJOR DISRUPTION COULD BE UNDERTAKEN WHEN INSTALLING.
CONCLUSION
MY SELECTION OF FUEL BASED ON THE ABOVE INFORMATION WOULD BE NATURAL GAS , DUE TO FACT IT IS ENVOIRONMENTLY FRIENDLIER , REQUIRES NO STORAGE SPACE , LESS MAINTAINANCE BECAUSE IT BURNS CLEANER,BOILER EFFICIENCY IS GOOD , AND COSTS ARE LESS THAN OTHER FUELS AT PRESENT.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND HEATING SYSTEMS.
WARM AIR HEATING IS OFTEN USED IN DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS,IT CONSISTS OF A DOUBLE SECTIONED BOILER PLANT ONE SECTION TO SUPPLY THE HEAT BY EITHER GAS OR OIL AND THE OTHER SECTION TO COLLECT AND DISTRIBUTE WARM AIR THROUGH A DUCTED SYSTEM TO THE REQUIRED AREAS WITHIN THE BUILDING.
THE AIR IS NORMALLY CIRCULATED BY GRAVITY OR FORCED BY A FAN ,THE WARM AIR IN TURN INFILTRATES FROM THE DUCTING THROUGH WALL OF FLOOR GRILLS INTO THE ROOMS ,CONTOL IS NORMALLY MANUAL BY MEANS OF A DAMPER THIS ALSO FACILITATES TO BALANCE THE SYSTEM.
PLUS FOR THIS SYSTEM.
VERY RESPONSIVE .
HEATS LOCATION VERY QUICKLY.
NO RADIATORS.
THE AIR CAN BE FILTERED.
EASILY AND CHEAPLY COMBINED WITH A HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM.
MINNUS FOR THIS SYSTEM.
WARM AIR IS THE LEAST COMFORTABLE FORM OF HEATING.
LACKS RADIANT HEAT.
TENDS TO THROUGH UP MORE DUST PARTICLES DESPITE AIR FILTERING.
NEEDS CAREFULL COMMISSIONING.
LACKS SOPHISTICATED CONTROLS OF WET SYSTEMS.
DHW MAY NEED SUPPLIED BY OTHER MEANS.
UNDER-FLOOR HEATING
UNDER-FLOOR HEATING IS AVAILABLE AS A WET SYSTEM OR ELECTRIC SYSTEM.
UNDERFLOOR HEATING IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY POPULAR.
WITH UNDER-FLOOR HEATING EITHER HEATING PIPES FOR WET SYSTEM OR HEATING ELEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC SYSTEMS ARE LAID ON AND COVERED BY A CEMENT FLOOR SCREED WHICH IN TURN BECOMES THE HEAT EMMITTER.
THE WET SYSTEM AS OPPOSED TO NORMAL RADIATOR EMMITTERS NEEDS TO OPERATE AT A LOWER TEMPERATURE THUS NOT TO BE TO WARM ON PEOPLES FEET.
THIS LOWER TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENT IS MORE SUITED TO A CONDENCING BOILER WHICH CAN ALSO OPERATE AT LOWER TEMPERATURES AND IS MORE EFFICIENT ALTHOUGH MORE EXPENSIVE.
OTHERWISE TEMPERATURE REDUCING EQUIPMENT WILL BE REQUIRED TO CONTROL THE SYSTEM.
THE FLOOR SCREED ACTS AS A HEAT RESERVOIR ( LIKE STORAGE HEATERS)
THIS MEANS A SLOW RESPONSE, BUT A GREAT DEALOF THE HEAT IS RADIANT RATHER THAN CONVECTED, WHICH IS A GOOD THING.
IN A TWO STOREY BUILDING THE BEST RESULTS CAN BE ACHIEVED BY COMBINING UNDER-FLOOR HEATING ON THE GROUND FLOOR AND EITHER STORAGE HEATING OR RADIATORS ON THE FIRST FLOOR, AS THIS IS EASIER AND MORE COST EFFECTIVE TO INSTALL.
CONSIDERATION FOR UNDER-FLOOR HEATING SHOULD BE TAKEN AT THE NEW BUILD STAGE THUS CAUSING THE LEAST DISRUPTION.
OVERALLCOSTS FOR THIS TYPE OF HEATING ARE EXPENSIVE AND MAY HAVE A PAY-BACK PERIOD OF APPROX 20 YEARS.
THIS TYPE OF SYSTEM IS USUALLY INSTALLED BY A SPECIALIST CONTRACTOR.
WIND POWER.
WIND POWER CAN BE HARNESSED FROM STAND ALONE WINDMILL GENERATORS PRODUCING ELECTRICITY AND BEING TRANSFERRED TO THE POWER GRID FOR DISTRIBUTION AS REQUIRED, LIGHTING AND HEAT ECT.
THIS SOURCE OF FUEL PRODUCES NO ENVOIRONMENTAL HAZZARDS OR GREENHOUSE GASES AT SOURCE OR AT POINT OF USE,UNLIKE THOSE FROM OIL OR GAS GENERATING PLANTS.
UNLIKE FOSSEL FUELS WIND IS A RENEWABLE SOURCE AND COSTS ARE MINIMAL BUT CONTINUETY MAY BE A PROBLEM.
THIS COULD BE OVERCOME BY COMBINING THE TRADITIONAL METHOD OF PRODUCING POWER AND THE WIND METHOD BY USING WHICH EVER IS SUITED TO THE PRESENT WEATHER CONDITION .
THE SITING OF SUCH WIND GENERATORS NEEDS CAREFULL CONSIDERATION AS THE SIZE AND APPEARANCE MAY RAISE A N ENVOIRONMENTAL ISSUE.
THE COST OF PROVIDING SUCH A SYSTEM MAY BE INHIBITATIVE AT PRESENT WHILST FOSSEL FUELS ARE IN CONSTANT SUPPLY ,AS THESE FOSSEL FUELS DIMMINISH THIS MAY BE A FUTURE REALITYFOR A SOURCE OF POWER AND HEAT.
SOLAR POWER
SOLAR POWER IS AT BEST IS A TOP UP ENERGY SOURCE AT PRESENT WHICH IN A DOMESTIC SITUATION CAN SUPPLY MOST OF THE HOT WATER NEEDS FOR A UK HOUSE IN SUMMER AND LESS THAN 15% IN THE WINTER TIME.
IN A DOMESTIC SITUATION SOLAR POWER IS UNLIKLEY TO SAVE MORE THAN 10%OF OVERALL FUEL BILLS ,WHICH EVER SYSTEM YOU USE.
A FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR ,OR A VACUUM TUBE COLLECTOR ROOF MOUNTED, ABSORB SOLAR RAYS WHICH IN TURN HEAT THE CONTENTS OF THE TUBES AND CIRCULATE TO HEAT THE DESIGNATED EQUIPMENT.
THE VACUUM TUBE COLLECTOR ARE CONSIDERABLY BETTER THAN THE FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR DUE TO THE FACT THE VACUUM TUBE SYSTEM IS SENSATIVE TO LIGHT RATHER THAN SUNSHINE AND IS NOT AFFECTED BY WIND CHILL.
THESE SYSTEMS ARE BETTER SUITED TO WARMER CLIMATES AND AS A TOP UP TO TRADITIONAL HEATING SYSTEMS.
SOLAR HEATING IS QUITE EXPENSIVE TO INSTALL, CHEAP TO RUN BUT IN THE UK COULD HAVE A PAYBACK PERIOB OF ABOUT 70 YEARS, THEREFORE UNTIL FURTHER DEVELOPMENT AND LOWER COSTS ARE INTRODUCSOLAR HEATING MAY REMAIN A GREEN TOY NOT SUITABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS.
HEATING INSTALLATION.
MY SELECTION FOR THIS PROJECT IS A OPEN VENTED LPHW SYSTEM WITH A 100KW MODULAR NATURAL GAS BOILER COMPLETE WITH ALL ANCILLARIES AS REQUESTED BY THE BOILER MANUFACTURER .
A SHUNT PUMP SHALL BE INSTALLED TO THE PIPEWORK SUPPLYING A MIXING HEADER FROM WHICH 3 MAIN CIRCUITS SHALL BE SUPPLIED.
THE BOILER SHALL BE FITTED WITH A S/S TWIN-WALL INSULATED FLUE TAKEN TO OUTSIDE, CLIPPED TO THE EXTERIOR OF THE BUILDING AND TERMINATED APPROX 1 METRE ABOVE THE EVES AS BUILDING CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS.
THE FLUE SHALL BE FITTED WITH A DRAUGHT STABILIZER AND A DRAIN POINT AT THE LOWEST POINT OF CHANGE OF DIRECTION AND PIPED OUTSIDE TO THE NEAREST DRAIN.
A FEED AND EXPANSION TANK SHALL BE SITED IN THE ROOF TANK ROOM COMPLETE WITH CONNECTIONS AND SUPPLIES AS SELECTED FROM CIBSE TABLE B1-:20
BASED ON 100KW - TANK SIZE - 114L